WEB Lawrence Kohlberg's Theory of Moral Development
Understanding the Six Stages of Moral Reasoning
WEB Lawrence Kohlberg, an American psychologist, developed a groundbreaking theory of moral development in 1958, which elucidates the various stages through which individuals progress in their understanding of moral values and ethical principles.
Kohlberg's Six Stages of Moral Reasoning
Kohlberg's theory outlines six distinct stages of moral reasoning, with each stage representing a more advanced level of moral comprehension and ethical decision-making.
- Preconventional Stage: Individuals focus on avoiding punishment and pleasing others.
- Conventional Stage: Individuals adhere to societal norms and expectations.
- Postconventional Stage: Individuals develop their own moral compass based on universal principles of justice and fairness.
Stage 1: Obedience and Punishment Orientation
Individuals prioritize obeying authority and avoiding punishment.
Stage 2: Self-Interest Orientation
Individuals focus on their own needs and interests.
Stage 3: Interpersonal Relationships Orientation
Individuals value maintaining relationships and fulfilling social expectations.
Stage 4: Authority Orientation
Individuals place importance on respecting authority and upholding the law.
Stage 5: Social Contract Orientation
Individuals understand the importance of social contracts and majority rule while recognizing the possibility of legitimate dissent.
Stage 6: Universal Ethical Principles Orientation
Individuals develop a strong moral compass based on universal ethical principles, such as justice and equality, and act accordingly.
Kohlberg's theory has had a profound impact on the field of psychology and has been widely used in educational and ethical contexts to foster moral development and ethical decision-making.
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